What counts as useful provenance?
C2PA and Content Credentials can record claims about capture, editing, and AI creation. A readable record is useful because it makes a specific claim that can be reviewed. Its presence does not mean every claim is automatically trustworthy.
If no readable record is present, the correct statement is “no provenance record was found,” not “this image is fake.”
What EXIF can and cannot show
A consistent group of camera make, model, lens, date, ISO, exposure, and focal length supports a capture history. Editing tools, messaging apps, and social platforms commonly remove those fields.
Software metadata shows that an application touched a file. It does not by itself show what edits were made.
Build a conclusion someone else can verify
- Record whether the file is an original, export, screenshot, or repost.
- Separate explicit generation records from supporting camera clues and weak visual clues.
- Save the source URL, author, date, and surrounding claim.
- Use reverse image search and compare earlier versions where possible.
- State what evidence is missing and what would change the conclusion.